Tenses yaitu perubahan kata kerja
yang sesuai dengan saat terjadinya kejadian yang dimaksud.
Pada prinsipnya tenses hanya ada dua,
yaitu :
I.
PRESENT TENSES
Present tenses ada delapan, yaitu :
1.
Simple Present Tense
2.
Present Continuous Tense
3.
Present Future Tense
4.
Present Future Continuous Tense
5.
Present Perfect Tense
6.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
7.
Present Future Perfect Tense
8.
Present Future Perfect Continuous
Tense
II.
PAST TENSE
Past tenses juga ada delapan, yaitu :
1.
Simple Past Tense
2.
Past Continuous Tense
3.
Past Future Tense
4.
Past Future Continuous Tense
5.
Past Perfect Tense
6.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
7.
Past Future Perfect Tense
8.
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
PRESENT TENSES
1.)
Simple Present Tense
Yaitu perubahan kata kerja yang
menunjukkan adanya kejadian yang terjadi berkali-kali, sering kali, setiap
hari, merupakan hobi dan merupakan kebenaran umum. Tenses ini biasanya diikuti
dengan kata keterangan, seperti :
Every : everyday, every week, every
month, every year, every, every Saturday, every minute, etc.
Adverb of frequency : usually,
always, sometimes, often, seldom, never, generally, frequently, habitually,
etc.
RUMUS :
Main Verbs : Subject + Verb
+ Object
TOBE : Subject + Be + Verb-ing + Object
Example :
1.
The sun rises in the east every
times.
2.
We are usually here together.
3.
The captain gives instruction every
week.
2.)
Present Continuous Tense
Yaitu adanya perubahan kata kerja
yang menunjukkan adanya kejadian yang sedang terjadi sekarang.
Tenses ini biasanya diikuti kata
keterangan, seperti : now, at the present time, right now, today, at this
moment, etc.
RUMUS :
Main Verbs : Subject + Be + Verb-ing + Object
TOBE :
Subject + Be + Be-ing + Predicate
Example :
1.
She is looking for her son when I
come home.
2.
I am being very busy now.
3.
Are they going home when Ali meets me
?
3.) Present Future Tense
Yaitu adanya perubahan kata kerja yang menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang
akan terjadi di waktu yang akan datang.
Tenses ini biasanya diikuti dengan kata keterangan, seperti :
Next : next day, next week, next
month, next year, next Saturday, next time.
RUMUS :
Main Verbs : Subjects + Shall/Will + Verb + Object
TOBE : Subject + Shall/Will + Be + Predicate
Yang termasuk dalam Shall dan Will adalah :
Shall : I, We.
Will : You, They, He, She, It.
TO BE GOING TO : Subject + Be-ing to + Verb + Object
Example :
1.
The pilot will fly his plane soon.
2.
Will the teacher explain the probles
immedietly.
3.
I am going to go Italia nextday to
study.
4.) Present Future Continuous Tense
Yaitu perubahan kata kerja yang menunjukkan adanya suatu kejadian yang
sedang akan terjadi di waktu yang akan terjadi di waktu yang akan datang.
Tense ini biasanya diikuti dengan kata keterangan, seperti :
All yhis time tomorrow, at ten o’clock tomorrow, later, at the same time
tomorrow next week, soon, immedietly, etc.
RUMUS :
Main Verb : Subject + Shall/Will + Be + Verb-ing
+ Object
TOBE : Subject + Shall/Will + Be + Being-ing
+ Predicate
Example :
1.
I shall be seeing Jeffry tomorrow.
2.
They will be taking their exams next
week.
3.
Shall we be being there next day.
5.) Present Perfect Tense
Yaitu perubahan kata kerja yang menunjukkan kejadian yang sudah terjadi
atau telah selesai dikerjakan sekarang.
Tense ini biasanya menggunakan kata kerja, seperti :
Already, just, so far, lately, up to the present time, recently, yet,
never, ever, for, since, before, etc.
RUMUS :
Main Verbs : Subject + Has/Have + Verb III +
Object
Example :
1.
I have informed this news to Ali
before.
2.
Has Jean explained the instruction
already.
3.
Myke has never failed in his
profession yet.
6.) Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Yaitu perubahan kata kerja yang menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang telah
sedang dalam proses, artinya kegiatan tersebut masih sedang berlangsung.
Tense ini biasanya menggunakan kata keterangan, seperti :
Up to the present time, up to now, the whole day, all day along, for
since, etc.
Main Vebs : Subject + Has/Have + Been + Verb-ing
+ Object
Example :
1.
He has been working here for a long
time.
2.
I have been knocking the door since
seven o;clock.
3.
The have been processing the product
since yesterday.
7.) Present Future Perfect Tense
Yaitu perubahan kata kerja yang menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang telah
akan selesai di waktu yang akan datang.
Tense ini biasanya digunakan, seperti :
Next time, next week, next day, next month, next Friday, next year, etc.
Main Verbs : Subject +Shall/Will + Have + Verb III
+ Object
Example :
1.
John will have finished it after
having gone home.
2.
Shall we have repaired the radio next
week.
3.
She shan’t have arrived in Jakarta
before I come.
8.) Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Yaitu perubahan kata kerja yang menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang akan
telah sedang berlangsung di waktu yang akan datang.
Tense ini biasanya menggunakan kata keterangan Present Future dan Present
Perfect Continuous Tense.
Tense ini jarang dipakai.
RUMUS
Main Verbs : Subject + Shall/Will + Have + Been +
Verb-ing + Object
Keterangan :
Never : berada dalam
kalimat Affirmative tetapi artinya negative.
Ex : I have
never come here Jately.
Never boleh juga dalam kalimat
Interogative, tetapi polanya harus seperti berikut ini, walaupun artinya tetap
berita.
Ex : never
does John work hard !
Ever : boleh dipakai dalam kalimat
positive yang mengandung superlative, the first dan best the only.
A Current English Grammar is the best
book I have ever read.
Sir Edmund Hillary is the first man
who ever reached Mount Everest.
Yet : dipergunakan
untuk kalimat negative.
Ex : I have not finished it yet.
Since : dipergunakan
untuk menentukan sejak kapan di mulainya suatu pekerjaan.
For : dipergunakan
untuk menunjukkan lamany kejadian barlangsung.
Example :
1.
Rini will ha have been cleaning the
house next year.
2.
Shall we have been studying in the
USA two years later ?
3.
They will not have been finishing the
jobs.
1.)
Simple Past Tense
Yaitu perubahan kata kerja yang
menunjukkan adanya kejadian yang terjadi di waktu lampau.
Tenses ini biasanya menggunakan kata
keterangan, seperti :
Last :
last week, last month, last year, last Wednesday, etc.
Ago :
a week ago, two months ago, ayear ago, etc.
RUMUS :
Main Verbs : Subject + Verb
II + Object
TOBE : Subject + Be 2 + Predicate
Example :
1.
She sent good to her consumer last
week.
2.
Did they collect the papers
yesterday.
3.
Eva and Adam bought some pineapples
in the market.
2.)
Past Continuous Tense
Yaitu perubahan kata kerja yang
menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang sedang terjadi di waktu lampau.
Tense ini biasanya menggunakan kata
keterangan, seperti pada Simple Past Tense.
RUMUS :
Main Verbs : Subject +
Was/Were + Verb-ing + Object
TOBE : Subject + Was/Were + Be-ing + Object
Example :
1.
Alice was producing the product when
I came.
2.
Did you meet Joice when Ali was studying
Math ?
3.
We were being there when Susi was
very busy.
Keterangan : bentuk
Continuous Tense biasanya kalimatnya jenis kalimat majemuk, dan biasanya
menggunakan penghubung While dan When.
3.)
Past Future Tense
Yaitu perubahan kata kerja yang akan
terjadi di waktu lampau.
Tense ini juga menggunakan kata
keterangan waktu yang hampir sampai sama dengan Simple Past Tense.
RUMUS :
Main Verbs : Subject +
Should/Would + Verb I + Object
TOBE : Subject + Should/Would + Be +
Prredicate
Example :
1.
You should apply this good position
yesterday.
2.
I should work hard this morning.
3.
The would not be here last time.
4.)
Past Future Continuous Tense
Yaitu perubahan kata kerja yang
menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang akan sedang terjadi di waktu lamapu yang sama
dengan Simple Past.
RUMUS :
Main Verbs : Subject +
Should/Would + Be + Verb-ing + Object
Example :
1.
I should be making clear these
problems last time.
2.
Jimmy would not be repairing his car
last Friday.
3.
Mira would be studying English in
1998.
5.)
Past Perfect Tense
Yaitu perubahan kata kerja yang
menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang telah terjadi di waktu lampau.
Tense ini juga menggunakan keterangan
waktu yang hampir sama dengan Simple Past dan Present Perfect Tense.
RUMUS :
Main Verbs : Subject + Had +
Verb III + Object
TOBE : Subject
+ Had + Been + Predicate
Example :
1.
He had stopped working for two years
ago.
2.
Via had not collected the stamps yet
last December.
3.
Had Lisa been in Bali for two weeks
ago.
6.)
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Yaitu perubahan kata kerja yang
menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang telah sedang terjadi di waktu lampau.
Tense ini juga biasanya menggunakan
keterangan waktu yang hampir sama dengan Simple Past dan Present Perfect.
RUMUS :
Main Verbs : Subject + Had +
Been + Verb-ing + Object
Example :
1.
Jean had been cooking some rice for
two hours yesterday.
2.
Had we been following the course a
month ago ?
3.
She had not been sweeping the TV for
a long time.
7.)
Past Future Perfect Tense
Yaitu perubahan kata kerja yang
menunjukkan adanya suatu kejadian yang akan telah terjadi di waktu lampau.
Tense ini juga menggunakan keterangan
pada Simple Past dan Present Future Tense.
RUMUS :
Main Verbs : Subject +
Should/Would + Have + Verb III + Object
TOBE : Subject + Should/Would + Have + Been
+ Predicate
Example :
1.
We should have paid our dept soon
last year.
2.
Shinta would not have sent the piano.
3.
Toni would have been at home at seven
last night.
8.)
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Yaitu perubahan kata kerja yang
menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang akan telah sedang terjadi doi waktu lampau.
Tense ini menggunakan keteranagn
waktu hamper sama dengan Simple Past Tense dan Present Future Tense.
RUMUS :
Main Verbs : Subject +
Should/Would + Have + Been + Verb-ing + Object
Example :
1.
I should have been studying last
November.
2.
Johny would have been solving the
problems.
3.
She would have been jogging this
morning.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar